![]() For example, the CA1 neurons in the hippocampus receive their input at the apical tuft dendrites from the entorhinal cortex, while the basal dendrites receive their input from the CA3 neurons. Distinct dendritic regions receive synaptic input from different sources. The pattern of dendritic arborization is critical because it determines the synaptic input field of the dendrite. Synapses are the major sites of information input into neurons. ![]() Cortical pyramidal neurons are organized into six layers and neurons from each layer have characteristic dendrite branching patterns, coincident with their functional roles (Spruston, 2008). Most of the pyramidal neurons in the cortex and hippocampus have a characteristic pyramidal morphology with distinct large apical and shorter basolateral dendrites that originate from the apex and base of the soma respectively, each with multiple branches. ![]() The structure and arborization of dendrites has a profound impact on the processing of neuronal information. The presynaptic terminals contain neurotransmitter loaded vesicles, while the postsynaptic region harbors neurotransmitter receptors. Note that the excitatory synapses predominantly form on spine heads, while the inhibitory synapses are predominantly localized in the dendritic shaft. Synaptic terminals on dendrites and schematic of excitatory and inhibitory synapses: rat hippocampal neurons in culture (DIV 17) transfected with GFP (green) and immunostained with markers that label presynaptic terminals of either excitatory (top, red-vGlut1) or inhibitory (bottom, red-GAD65) synapses. ![]()
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